Oedipus Rex Analysis Essay - 1739 Words

The chorus play an important role throughout the play, they not only set up various scenes, but they represent the collective moods and feelings that are supposed to be felt at the time. When the chorus mourns, the audience mourn. They are also the voice of reason, clarity and sense, attributes to which we cannot associate with Oedipus. And so they play a vital role, connecting his actions back to the play. A way to describe the chorus, would be that theyre the collective conscious of ‘the people of Thebes, but they also act as guardians. For although they are seen appealing to Oedipus to help them, they in turn have to help the king, they represent the faith that the city has in him. The chorus appears mainly in sections of the play in†¦show more content†¦A man, who believes himself to be in total control and on the edge of supreme knowledge, doesnt know the one thing that defines him. And yet he seeks it so eagerly so to reveal the problems that elude him, even though they will lead to his downfall. With each step he takes towards the truth he buries himself deeper into the mystery while at the same time burying himself into a metaphorical grave. Creon enters and questions the people around him if it is true that Oedipus had slanderously accused him. The Chorus tries to act as mediator, but Oedipus emerges and charges Creon with treason. Creon argues for his innocence but Oedipus refuses to listen. This highlights Oedipus obstinate behaviour, he refuses to contemplate fallibility, as he assumes his own absolute knowledge, and that he knows that Creon is wrong even without evidence. They continue to fight until Jocasta emerges. They explain the nature of their argument to Jocasta, who begs Oedipus to believe Creon. The Chorus also begs Oedipus to be flexible, and Oedipus reluctantly concedes and allows Creon to continue. Jocasta asks Oedipus why he is so upset and he explains to her what Teiresias prophesied. Jocasta consoles him by telling him that there is no truth in soothsaying, and she has proof. She tells that an oracle told Laius that his own son would kill him, so as a preventative he and Jocasta gave their infant son to a shepherd, to leave out on a hillside to die with its feetShow MoreRelated Analysis of Oedipus Rex Essay890 Words   |  4 Pages Oedipus did not have a fair start in life. His father, Laius, heard prophecy that Oedipus would one day kill his father and sleep with his mother. In order to prevent this, Laius gave Oedipus to a shepherd to be killed. Fortunately, through a string of events, Oedipuss life was saved, and he even went on to become the honored king of Thebes. Despite this feat, Oedipus still managed to make several decisions that ultimately fulfilled the original prophecy told to Laius, and inevitably sealedRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner Oedipus Rex: Literary Analysis Essay Although The Kite Runner and Oedipus Rex differ from the style in which they were written and by the authors who wrote them what they do share are common themes. Both the play and the book share two major subject matters. Guilt is one theme that is seen constantly between Amir dealing with it in The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini and Oedipus and Jocasta’s struggle with it in Oedipus Rex written by Sophocles. Another theme found in bothRead More Oedipus the King: Does Oedipus Satisfy the Definition of a Good Man?1415 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Oedipus Satisfy the Definition of a Good Man?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a young man, Oedipus learned of his fate to kill his father and marry his mother.   Oedipus flees to a distant land to escape his terrible fate and inadvertently fulfills the prophecy. Unknowingly, Oedipus kills his father and enters the bed of his mother.   Was Oedipus was a good man who happened to suffer an unfortunate fate, or was he a truly bad person, whose fate was only just?   If we accept the Aristotelian views of good and badRead MoreJoy Luck Club924 Words   |  4 Pages____________________________ Class Period: _______________ Score:_________________ North Fall Final Exam Essay Topics For your final exam, you will write a timed write on Monday December 13th which will count towards 1/3 of your final exam grade. A traditional AP Timed Write Rubric will be used to score your answers. I’m looking for a clear thesis, a well-organized paper, high level of diction, focus, and in-depth analysis (two to three pieces of commentary or analogies) combined with thematic text to world andRead MoreA Comparative Tragedy Study of Fatalism and Determinism: Oedipus Rex and Thunderstorm2489 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A Comparative Tragedy Study of Fatalism and Determinism: Oedipus Rex and The Thunderstorm 1. INTRODUTION The Thunderstorm and Oedipus Rex, the representatives of Chinese and Greek play, both tell tragic stories about incest and unexpected destiny. The two masterpieces reveal much about the literature patterns and philosophical implications of the different cultures. The exploration of the two plays could help further understand the oneness of world literature and the tragedy of unlike cultureRead MoreOedipus Rex, A Symbol Of Fate1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe most famous scene in Sophocles’, Oedipus Rex, is when Oedipus gouges out his eyes. But that’s not the only example of sight and blindness in this play. In Sophocles world, eyes play a big part in society, as the theme of vision invites the audience to look at the action with a double perspective, through own eyes and through the eyes of those on stage ( Mastronarde pp. 179-182). Considering eyes as an essential piece, it places them as a motif of the play. Within Greek literature, scholars focusRead More Mythology in Oedipus Rex Essay examples4094 Words   |  17 PagesMythology in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In â€Å"The Oedipus Legend† Bernard M. W. Knox talks of the advantages accruing to Sophocles as a user of myths in his dramas:    The myths he used gave to his plays, without any effort on his part, some of those larger dimensions of authority which the modern dramatist must create out of nothing if his play is to be more than a passing entertainment. The myths had the authority of history, for myth is in one of its aspects the only history of anRead More Mythology in Oedipus Rex Essays3980 Words   |  16 PagesMythology in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   E. T. Owen in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus† comments on the mythological beginnings of Oedipus Rex:    Professor Goodell says: â€Å"Given an old myth to be dramatized, Sophocles’ primary question was, ‘Just what sort of people were they, must they have been, who naturally did and suffered what the tales say they did and suffered?† That was his method of analysis (38).    The Greek Sophoclean tragedy Oedipus Rex is based on a myth fromRead MoreLiterature: Compare and Contrast - Literary Devices5483 Words   |  22 PagesSeptember 3, 2010 Compare and Contrast Literature offers a variety of literary works by authors of all ages, writing non-fiction and fictional stories, poetry, and essays. The act of analyzing two different authors by both comparing their work and isolating their contrasting elements, can be difficult, yet rewarding. Oedipus Rex (Sophocles), written in 429 B.C., offers the authors use of Greek Mythology, oracles, Greek gods, deception, and murder. Throughout the series of events, the readerRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory And Criticism1345 Words   |  6 PagesJess Rubinstein Intro to Theory and Criticism Spring 2015 Midterm Essays Freud and Literature At some point in life, everyone has heard the name Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was born in 1856, and went on to become one of the most talked about theorists. He is known as the father of psychoanalysis and has left behind an everlasting legacy. There were two influential and sometimes controversial theories that Freud left behind. Sigmund Freud’s big legacy was his work with dreams and the unconscious

Essay about Nike The Power of Exploitation - 1782 Words

Nike: The Power of Exploitation Outline I. INTRODUCTION Paragraph No. A. Nike Described + Thesis: Many people can prove that Nike is a company 1 that continues to push the boundaries of design and performance, promoting freedom and choice, but these same people leave out the obvious facts that show how this company exploits third world countries by using cheap labor. II. History of Nike Inc. A. Founders B. Co-founding business 2 C. Business Success 3 III. Anti-Nike A. Cheap†¦show more content†¦Many people can prove that Nike is a company that continues to push the boundaries of design and performance, promoting freedom and choice, but these same people leave out the obvious facts that show how this company exploits third world countries by using cheap labor. It is necessary to raise that awareness so we can be responsible consumers and remember the source of our swoosh apparel. In 1957, the future cofounders of Nike, Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, met at the University of Oregon. In 1962 Knight formed Blue Ribbon Sports, which gave birth to Nikes forerunner (Our Chronology 1/6). By 1964, both men became involved in distributing better shoes through their company. In the first year, the company saw a total of eight thousand dollars in revenue (Our Chronology 1/6). Three years later as the company grew Bowerman developed the first lightweight running shoe that became a large selling model. By 1969, Blue Ribbon Sports reached $300,000 in revenue (Our Chronology 2/6). In 1972, BRS launched the Nike brand and within six years the company became Nike Inc., as it is known today (Our History 2/3). This business, once run by two men in 1957, has become what is now, in 2001, a twenty-three thousand employee based company with yearly revenue of eleven plus billion dollars. Through theShow MoreRelatedSweatshops Case Study1419 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over time Nike has become one of the most prominent figures in the apparel and sporting industries, yet the corporation has found itself for years involved in a massive scandal due to their use of sweatshops. The harsh backlash towards the immorality of using sweatshops has lead to Nike’s image being tainted; nevertheless, consumers continue to fill up retail Nike stores. With this in mind, I will explain as to why consumers continue to purchase Nike products, and to accomplish theRead MoreNike Sweatshops Case Study1402 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over time Nike has become a prominent figure in the apparel industry, yet the corporation has found itself in various scandals due to their use of sweatshops. The harsh backlash towards the immorality of using sweatshops has led to Nike’s image being tainted; nevertheless, consumers continue to shop in Nike stores. With this in mind, I will explain why consumers continue to purchase Nike products. To accomplish the task at hand; I shall, define exploitation and demonstrate why corporationsRead MoreEssay about Exploitation: The Foundation of Capitalism1517 Words   |  7 PagesExploitation: The Foundation of Capitalism When people complain that they are being exploited at work, they usually mean that they are being treated unfairly or being ripped off. For instance, Burger King used to make workers clock off when it wasnt busy, though they had to stay at work. One young worker made less than the price of a burger in an 8 hour shift. Pizza Hut offered a young Spanish woman a job - but the first 2 weeks would be without pay, to help her improve her English!Read MoreNike Is A Public Relations Catastrophe1485 Words   |  6 PagesArguably the leading sports brand in today’s market, Nike has a built an athletic empire with the help of world famous spokespersons like Michael Jordan, LeBron James, and Serena Williams. Their innovative technology and unique designs have inspired generations of athletes, to go beyond their limits and put their bodies to the test. For this reason, a basketball player and resistance trainer like myself invested in a pair of Nike Kobe 8 Elites, to provide me with the proper traction and support duringRead MoreWhy Is Ethical Consumerism Is Ideal And Social Relations Through Ethical Consumption And Fair Trade Goods1115 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequences of our consumer activity looking at labour and social relations through ethical consumption and fair trade goods. Analysing the positives and negatives of the consumer lifestyle modern examples of the Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh and the Nike reuse-a-shoe initiative will be used as a vehicle to expose the political activity of consumption. Whilst consumer activity results in the obvious positives to society, most likely strengthening the economy, we must look at the negatives that areRead MoreHow The Super Brand Nike Make Supply Chains Sustainable?1035 Words   |  5 PagesPart 2 - How to Make Supply-Chains Sustainable? Introduction The super brand Nike produce approximately 900 million units of apparels and footwear annually through the supply chain involving over 16,000 selected materials from more than 1,500 different vendors, chosen from a staggering 80,000 material options (Nike, Inc. FY12/13). For example, a single pair of shoes can be made up of 30-plus materials on average (Nike, Inc. FY12/13). These materials include natural fibers such as cotton and woolRead MoreNike Ethical Dilemma954 Words   |  4 Pagesissues we will be covering will be on Nike child labour. NIKE inc, a well-known brand in the market that specialize in sporting goods has been reported that the manufacturer engaged, were using children as labour from as young as 10 year of age. These children were for the making of sporting equipments such as soccer ball, shoes and clothes in Pakistan and Cambodia. Using children as labour were seemed morally wrong for many people. It is considered as exploitation of children as they were deprivedRead More Sweatshops are Good for Everybody Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesdeveloping countries constitutes exploitation. In some extreme cases, this is potentially true. For example, by making empty promises time after time, diamond cartel De Beers has repeatedly taken advantage of the lack of governmental regulations and communication in African nations. It could be argued that the developing countries house factories that not only use cheap (though market rate for the area) labor, but unfairly exploit employees. Examples of this exploitation could include using physicalRead MoreGlobal Stratification721 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal stratification. Consequences may be disastrous not only for the country itself, that is now divided into social castes rich controlling poor, but also for the invaded country on a larger scale that is now vulnerable to exp loitation by external powerful forces. Nike, for instance, by their moving into India, may be making India more susceptible to American political and economic control and influences. Money Allocator observes that the US has lost such industries as consumer electronicsRead MoreThe Impact of the Athletic Footwear Industry on Labour Rights645 Words   |  3 PagesSweatshops: To begin with, this report will examine sweatshops and how international organizations approach the issue. The International Labour Organization broadly defines sweatshops as a place or a work environment where workers are subject to extreme exploitation and are being rejected of their basic human rights with regards to working and living conditions. In this regard, the workers are given no insurance or health benefits and their daily wages are up to 90% lower than the required legal minimum.

True Friendship free essay sample

True friendship involves action: doing something for someone else while expecting nothing in return. Trust is essential to true friendship. We all need someone with whom we can share our lives, thoughts, feelings, and frustrations. We need to be able to share our deepest secrets with someone, without worrying that those secrets will end up on the Internet the next day! Failing to be trustworthy with those intimate secrets can destroy a friendship in a hurry. Faithfulness and loyalty are key to true friendship. Without them, we often feel betrayed, left out, and lonely. In true friendship, there is no backbiting, no negative thoughts, no turning away. True friendship requires certain accountability factors. Real friends encourage one another and forgive one another where there has been an offense. Genuine friendship supports during times of struggle. Friends are dependable. In true friendship, unconditional love develops. We love our friends no matter what and we always want the best for our friends. True Friendship Examples of Real Friendship True friendship stories are found throughout the Bible. In Genesis 18:17-33, we read about God sharing His intentions with Abraham. Abraham responds by telling God his thoughts and feelings about the situation. God and Abraham are able to do this because they trust and respect each other. First Samuel 20 focuses on the friendship of David and Jonathan. These two men truly cared for each other and had great trust and confidence in one another. David was running for his life from Jonathans father, Saul. Jonathan recognized that David was innocent. Because of the true friendship they shared, David survived Sauls assassination attempts and went on to become one of Israels greatest kings. Real and true friendship involves freedom of choice, accountability, truth, and forgiveness. Peter and Jesus give us this example: Peter, afraid for his life after Jesus is led away from the Garden of Gethsemane, denies knowing Jesus (John 18). As He is led away by His accusers, Jesus casts a look toward Peter that says, I knew you would deny Me, and I forgive you (John 21). Real friendship looks at the heart, not just the packaging. Genuine friendship loves for loves sake, not just for what it can get in return. True friendship is both challenging and exciting. It risks, it overlooks faults, and it loves unconditionally, but it also involves being truthful, even though it may hurt. Genuine friendship, also called agape love, comes from the Lord. The Lord Jesus calls us His friends and He laid down His life for us (John 15). Relationships in real life involve different levels of friendships, and thats okay. But humans are designed by God for lasting relationships. Often our isolationist society offers only vague, empty relationships. God wants us to have friends here on earth. Most of all, He wants us to be friends with Him! Gods Word tells us that a friend sticks closer than a brother, and that in order for one to be a friend, one must show themselves friendly (Proverbs 18:24). The question is: what type of friend do you desire to be? Proverbs 18:19 in the New Living Translation says: Its harder to make amends with an offended friend than to capture a fortified city. Arguments separate friends like a gate locked with iron bars. When weve offended a true friend whether by breaking a trust or by speaking the truth with love we risk losing that friendship. We must be careful not to break the trust. But when not speaking the truth will cause greater hurt in our friends life, we must be willing to sacrifice our needs for those of our friend. That is true friendship. If we sometimes offend a friend without meaning to, Gods Word offers a solution. Its called forgiveness. There is no greater example than the love of God for us. It is so great that He gave His only begotten Son, Jesus Christ, in order that our friendship with God might be restored. He did that in spite of the fact that we have offended Him deeply. We have disobeyed His commands, turned our backs on Him, and followed our own path. So the question remains: What type of friend do you want to be? True Christian friendship forgives. Do you need a friend? God wants to be your true friend. Are you longing for companionship? God is always with you (Hebrews 13:5). Who do you know who needs a true friend today? God wants you to befriend others. He calls us to be His hands and feet in a world starving for true friendship. Learn More! Love Thy Neighbor Love Thy Neighbor Whats the Origin of this Phrase? Love thy neighbor is a term thats become almost cliched over the years. But where did it originate, and what does it really mean? In a time when neighbors, at least in America, are people we rarely see (thanks to garage door openers and busy lives), or are thought of as nuisances with barking dogs and noisy children, how can we possibly love our neighbors? Love thy Neighbor Christs Answer to Religion Love thy neighbor was, in part, Jesus answer when the Pharisees, the chief religious sect of that day, asked Him about the greatest commandment in the Law (See Matthew 22:36-40). These religious leaders had made almost an art form of classifying all the various laws and giving them relative degrees of importance, so in asking Jesus this question, their aim was to test Him. His answer stunned them: Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: Love your neighbor as yourself. All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments. Jesus was summing up all the law in these two statements. If we love the Lord God with all our heart, soul and mind, loving our neighbor is the natural result. The question then is, who is our neighbor, and how do we love him or her? Lets look at who Jesus says our neighbor is: You have heard that it was said, Love your neighbor and hate your enemy. But I tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you. (Matthew 5:43) Is our neighbor more than the guy next door? Could he or she be someone in our community or almost anyone we meet? Could our enemies also be our neighbors? Jesus says that its so. But how can we love someone who acts hatefully toward us? When we love God with all our heart, soul, mind and strength, we grow to recognize that everyone is part of His creation. Will everyone be in heaven? No, but thats not because God doesnt desire that to be the case. His Word tells us that God desires that all would be saved (1Timothy 2:4). So its clear that God sees all of us as potential children. Because He lives outside of time and has seen the end from the beginning, He also knows who will choose salvation and who will not. For us, that is where faith comes in. It is not for us to know who will choose Him and who will not, but we are called to be His witnesses. In order to fulfill that calling, we must love others enough to desire their salvation just as He does. Heres the good news for those who find this teaching difficult: Nowhere does it say we have to like our neighbor! As for the how part of this formula, we turn to these words from the Apostle Paul. In Romans 13:8-10, Paul says: Owe no one anything except to love one another, for he who loves another has fulfilled the law. For the commandments, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not murder, You shall not steal, You shall not bear false witness, You shall not covet, and if there is any other commandment, are all summed up in this saying, namely, You shall love your neighbor as yourself. Love does no harm to a neighbor; therefore love is the fulfillment of the law. Love Thy Neighbor Get to Know Jesus Love thy neighbor is not as hard as it looks on the surface. It simply means respecting others and regarding their needs and desires as highly as we regard our own. Keeping this commandment, however, is likely to require the supernatural assistance only God, through Christ, can provide. How can we learn to love the guy next door with the barking dog, especially when we dont even like him? Perhaps the secret is to recognize that our neighbor, whether its the guy next door, the checker at the local grocery store, or the Sunday school teacher at church, is someone as worthy of Gods love as you or I. In The Message paraphrase of the Bible, John 1:14 is expressed as follows: The Word became flesh and blood, and moved into the neighborhood. We saw the glory with our own eyes, the one-of-a-kind glory, like Father, like Son, Generous inside and out, true from start to finish. Could it be that the way we love our neighbor is through getting to know Christ, the living Word of God? Its human nature to emulate those we admire most, so in getting to know Christ, well discover a God worthy of our whole-hearted love, and our neighbor will see that love in us. Another pure way to love thy neighbor is to help children in need.

World War I The Overthrow of the Romantic Essay Example For Students

World War I: The Overthrow of the Romantic Essay If literature should not only indicate how mankind thinks, but also how mankind feels, then the poems of the First World War succeed on both counts. (Lee)Romanticizes of war has existed since man first marched off to his earliest battles. Men historically were taught that their role was to fight for country and the honor of loved ones back home. Women were historically trained to be supportive helpmates, patiently waiting for their loved ones to reappear as heroic victors of war. Neither group was ever to admit the truth that war is hell, regardless of who wins. World War I changed this perspective forever. World War I was no exception to this initial romanticism. The men heading off to war were written In glorious terms as patriotic heroes, the women were depicted as faithful handmaidens, fulfilling the needs of their men. The men who served were on the battlefield, living through the day-to-day horrors of the trenches. The women were kept behind the lines, assisting in the processes of war from helping with the building of munitions, to serving as nurses to the wounded, to staying behind to mourn the loss of loved ones. All of this was reflected initially in the writings of both men and women. The shift in perspective was slow to arrive but arrive It eventually did as a result of a growing new political movement sweeping through Britain. Thanks to the emergence of the suffrage movement. Women were slowly getting acclimatized to a new role, one that pronounced their independence, and announced that they could say and feel and do as they chose and as they believed. If they knew the truth, they could for the first time reflect upon it and let the world see it from their perspective. We will write a custom essay on World War I: The Overthrow of the Romantic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As the growth of independent thought of the female perspective grew so too did that of the male develop as well. As each gender learned to express its true feelings within the context of the times the grim realties of the war experience could be revealed to the world. As each gender reflected on the war, men with the harsh truth of the experience and women with the ability to write as a faction that finally mattered (even with the limitations that gender placed upon them), each faction could effectively portray the Great War as it really was. The Nominal reactions of both genders to war were virtually Identical war was viewed in the most romantic of senses, with no real connection to the pain and suffering that AR invokes. War was romantic, altruistic, and it was heroic. As time passed, war could no longer be viewed with this pastoral naivety. It was ugly, it was brutal, and it was senseless. Reality set in for the boys in khaki and for the women who soon came to realize that many of their men might never return home. Young men suddenly learned that war was not what they had anticipated, and their writings started to so too did those of the women back home and this time their political independence and free thinking played a role as never before in expressing their heartfelt beliefs ND views of war. The women of Great Britain, already amidst the womens suffrage movement, were further reinforced in their independence, to living in a world in which they could say and feel and do. If they knew the truth, it was now time to reflect upon it and to let the world see it from their perspective. As each gender reflected on the war, the men with the grim reality of experience and the women with the ability to write as a faction that mattered even with the limitations that gender placed upon them, each faction could more effectively portray the Great War as it really was. The switch in perspective was slow to emerge but once it gained momentum it was hard to contain. Initially war was depicted in the usual romantic way. However, things were starting to change as shown in the poem The Dragon and the Undying by Siegfried Swanson. Initially it appears that this poem is Just another somewhat romantic vision of war but looking more closely we see something else. The enemy and perhaps war itself is portrayed as a fearsome dragon it Reaches with grappling coils from town to town;/He lusts to break the loveliness of spreading hurls their martyred music toppling down. In lines three to five we view this enraged beast as powerful and widespread, destroying not only the defenses of the towns it conquers but seeking to destroy the hearts of the people through their religion, as referenced by the spires of the churches and the music of their martyrs. Through these lines we get the feeling that war destroys not only bodies but hope and faith and culture as well. War is not so romantic anymore! This theme of destruction continues throughout the next lines. At line seven, we become aware of the slain, homeless as the breeze, references perhaps to those who died on the battlefield, unburied and unblended as they passed from this world. Their faces are the fair, enshrouded night, implies that these men are young and fair, enshrouded possibly being another mention to the lack of last rites, they are enshrines and thus not prepared to enter heaven. Yet, they tenderly stoop towards earth, to hail the burning heavens they left unsung. This last line, while still dealing with those who have been slain by the dragon that is the enemy, is a reminder again of the youth of the slain, with so much left unsung, earthbound yet reaching towards heaven. Still somewhat mantic, this poem at least attempts to give a more gritty depiction of the horrors of war, its destructive qualities, its effects on all aspects of life and perhaps notably afterlife as well. Poetry written by women feeling the early stages of the war seemed to be rather sentimental to say the least. .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 , .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .postImageUrl , .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 , .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15:hover , .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15:visited , .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15:active { border:0!important; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15:active , .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15 .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua87136e658a9f10ca26a7e54ae437d15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Its a right handed world EssayThis can be clearly demonstrated by Marina Allens lament The Wind on the Downs in which she writes as a woman left behind to mourn. This poem avoids any depiction of violence or horror but rather deals strictly with loss and denial: Because they tell me, dear, that you are decreases I can no anger see your face,/You have not died, it is not true, instantaneous seek adventure in is the tragic romance of the lost hero that is the source of inspiration, and it is from the perspective of the woman left behind, whose life is one of waiting for the soldier who will never return home. Allen treats us to a romantic stroll in which she is able to demonstrate her feelings for her love, yet once again, denies the reader the modernity that identifies this war as a stepping point for British literature. As the war went on, the perspective of the poets writing about it slowly shifted. In erect contrast to his earlier work, Siegfried Seasons They is written in the style of an epigram, which according to Miriam-Webster Dictionary is a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thought. Here we experience the soldiers anger towards those who remained at home, attempting pity and understanding for something that the soldier deems they know nothing about. In this instance, the reader is introduced to a bishop who warns that When the boys come back/They will not be the same; for theyll have fought/Len a Just cause. This poem truly deals with the War as a tangible thing, for Were none of us the same! the boys reply. Youll not find/A chap whos served that hasnt found some change. This is further expanded on as the boys announce the various injuries that they experienced at war, Jim faces death, George has lost his legs, Bill is blind and Bert has syphilis. Clearly this is not a romantic depiction of war, and while it is shocking enough that a list of injuries received in battle is given, to announce to a bishop that one has a sexually transmitted disease is certainly not a traditional literary device. The horror of war is ere in the new poetry of the times. No longer is war something that cannot be grasped and physically felt. Through the use of a short two-stanza poem, Swanson is definitely renouncing his earlier dreams of dragons and slain breezes. Especially when one reads the last line, that of an ignorant bishop, left at home to continue to minister to those left behind and make heroes of those who have left for battle: And the bishop said: The ways of God are strange! This unexpected twist of thought is a reminder of the naivety of those left at home, who did not see the trenches and experienced the pains of those who have ought there and perhaps there is even a questioning of ones religious beliefs as well. It is a far cry from the initial depiction of war. Swanson continues in this trend with his poem Glory of Women, in which he moves on to vilify the ignorance of the women left at home, You love us when were heroes, home on leave You believe/That chivalry redeems the wars disgrace. Here again we see evidence of Seasons anger towards those who remained in Britain, imagining the war yet not experiencing it. In this particular poem, he is describing the women he apparently returns home to, the women who are thrilled by the details f the war, yet cannot possibly imagine the horrors: You cant believe that British troops retire ND they ruminating the terrible corpses blind with blood. He is once again using strong language to shift perception and define the terror of what he experienced, trying to remove the sense of romance and heroism, so that it can be Jessie Popes poem The Call seems to describe precisely the kind of woman that Siegfried Swanson is so adamantly disgusted by. Written in the first year of the war, this poem asks of its gentlemen readers, Whos for the khaki suit? and continues on n a very patriotic fashion, asking my ladder if he is ready to Join the army and stand for the Empire. It implies that the man who signs up for the army is eager to show his grit and swell the victors ranks, while the man who does not shall be a coward, a man wholl stand and bite his thumbs. This is the type of outlook that seems to so enrage Swanson in his later works, and yet it was popular, published and definitely patriotic. Popes poem is that of the woman who stands behind the men as the cheerleader, encouraging and hopeful. She also voices an opinion, and openly ritziest any man who is not for the trench. It is a strong female voice that is heard in this poem, and while it voices a popular opinion, it is clearly provocative and modern in its goading. This strength of the growing female voice is clearly demonstrated in the poem Munitions Wages by Madeline Ida Bedford, where the reader is introduced to the voice of the working class woman. However, this poem is written by an educated woman in scorn of the Mennonites who were typically paid no more than 2 pounds per week (as oppos ed to the five mentioned in the poem). Bedford attempts to scribe the licentious behavior of the factory girls, and clearly demonstrates the class lines that still flowed back in England. While all women were recruited to work, the upper classes were often given roles of responsibility. (Bell, 93) Yet, as it describes a life possible for an independent woman who might benefit from the freedom the war provides, the authors outlook forces the reader to revisit the poem as a satire, rather than a literal piece of poetry. However, it works as a reference to other pieces written during this time, as women took pleasure in working outside of he home, living freely with their own money and rights, and can even begin to point us towards the womens suffrage movement. (Bell, 94-95). While reflective of the upper class female perspective of the time, it is clearly not romantic in its treatment of those who are working behind the lines for the war movement. A tremendous shift in perspective is emerging. .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b , .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .postImageUrl , .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b , .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b:hover , .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b:visited , .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b:active { border:0!important; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b:active , .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u738a25e8f2c264189a5d3aaae873947b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison of 'My Box' by Gillian Clarke, And 'Valentine' by Carol Ann Duffy EssayIt is the voice of the independent woman that is beginning to carry through the war, not Just the women left to mourn and ponder the heroism of their men, but those that made a success of it, through their patriotic spirit or independence. Suddenly the voices of women were heard, published in the daily papers and lifted up for being of use to the war effort. The above two female poets, rather traditional in their beliefs, reflect the growing movement of the voice of women, a voice that is neither romantic nor sentimental, but one that is reflective of their own personal viewpoints. It is impossible not to ignore the voices of the women who served on the fields of the war itself. Their voices begged to be heard. Eva Double was a British nurse who wrote the poem Pluck about one of her patients, a young man whose legs were smashed infested, mud-crusted uniforms, bloody bandages, gaping shrapnel wounds, hideously infected fractures, mustard gas burns, frantic coughing and choking from phosgene inhalation, groans and shrieks of pain, trauma from exposure, fatigue, and emotional collapse. (Gavin, 43) However, despite these conditions, her pity for him resounds throughout the poem. He is A child so wasted and so white,/He told a lie to get his way. This is the voice of the woman who has followed the soldiers to war, and who has seen the horror of it firsthand. She sees clearly the child who So broke tit pain, he shrinks in dread/. /And winds the clothes about his head/That none may see his heart-sick fear. /His shaking, strangled sobs you hear. Doubles voice is clear, seeing the boy behind the soldier, scared and shaking, a child who lied about his age to be a man and help to fight the war. She knows that in the end, Hell face us all, a soldier yet and her poem remarks on the contrast between the wounded boy and the pride of a soldier who while wounded is not broken. Here we have a female poet experiencing first hand the horrors of war, who knows that soldiers are Just youths, ho knows that war kills and maims. She is willing to share that opinion with the rest of the world through the strong and independent voice of her poetry. Slowly emerging through the voices of male poets in this period is the concept that war is brutal, ugly, horrific. Written as a preface to a never published book, Wilfred Owen said: My subject is war, and the pity of war. The poetry is in the pity. (Williams, 3) He shows this perspective as he decries the hypocrisy of the romance of war in his poem, Disabled, as he describes a legless soldier, sent home from the war. Another boy who had asked to Join. He didnt have to beg;/Smiling they wrote his lie: aged nineteen years. Yet this boy is not in the hospital and does not have the kind nurse to care for him, instead he sits in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark. This soldiers story is one of a return home and of what awaits, and while it cries out for pity as a tragedy, it is also a limiting tale. It tells of the limits of the wounded soldier, not of his pride, but of his fall from wholeness, taking whatever pity they may dole. The young man who Joined the war to look a god in kilts. And abbey too, to please his Meg is now the tragic figure. It closes with this same sense of helplessness: How cold and late it is! Why dont they come/And put him into bed? Why dont they come? Clearly, the romance of war is gone, replaced by the horrible aftereffects. According to Oscar Williams, war poetry is an unpopular and unread art form, as most people do not have the courage to face honestly the facts of others intense suffering. It is easier to have the attention diverted, the guilt of responsibility converted into a conviction that the suffering is Justified since it is in a noble cause. (Williams, 5) It is this initial reaction that the poetry of World War I displays, using romantic and sentimental terms so as to inspire the people of Great Britain, rather than scare them with the vivid truth of life in the trenches. Where initially patriotism and the call to duty are treated with exuberance and romanticism by authors of both sexes, both men and women develop their own perspectives men reacting to the horrors of the front, and women responding to the tragedies of losing treat the wounded and dying. World War I came as the womens suffrage movement was at its most violent and hose women who had once sung out for the vote used these same voices to call for their country and to support their government, which in turn resulted in a strong female voice throughout the war. These women can also see clearly that their voices are important amidst this battle and that they too can be of service to their country, either by recording vignettes of the war as they see it or by pushing the men to bear arms for their country. Each sex matters, each sex has a different perspective, and both of these perspectives are worth examining what truly is wonderful is that we can finally hear both factions. And as the voices emerged, there appeared to be a common chord in the song of war it was no longer the sentimental, it was no longer heroic.

hamilton and jefferson essays

hamilton and jefferson essays Jefferson and Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton resulted in the formation of the first political parties. The Federalists adopted Hamilton's philosophies; Jefferson helped bring together the Democratic-Republican party. The views and ideas of these two political parties are still seen everywhere in government today, both Hamilton and Jefferson had extremeley important insight on how the government should be ran. What was to be Jefferson's chief problem for many years soon became apparent. He and Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton were completely at odds in their thinking. Jefferson, with his faith in the rational mind and his optimistic view of popular government, placed his trust in the land and the people who farmed it. He believed that the purpose of government was to assure the freedom of its individual citizens. With his fear of tyranny, he distrusted centralization of power and favored instead the spread of power among the federal, state, and local levels of government. Thomas Jefferson said, A people having sovereign power should do for itself all it can do well, and what it cannot do well, it must do through its ministers. The people...need to be guided by a council or a senate. But in order for people to trust it, they must elect its members... The people are admirable for choosing those to whom they should entrust some part of their authority. Hamilton, on the other hand, distrusted popular rule. "The people!" he once exclaimed, "the people is a great beast!" Whereas Jefferson favored an economy based on agriculture that stressed individual freedom, Hamilton worked to promote commerce, industry, and a strong central government, under which, he believed, the economy would flourish. He believed that to preserve order and the alliance between business and government, the moneyed class and the wealthy aristocracy should hold all political power. Jefferson retorted, ...

How to Conjugate the Verb Studiare in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Studiare in Italian To studyTo learnTo practiceTo devise What to Know About â€Å"Studiare†: It’s a regular verb, so it follows the typical -are verb ending patternIt’s a transitive verb, so it takes a direct object, but it can also be an intransitive verb, which does not take an indirect object when conjugated with the auxiliary verb â€Å"avere†.The infinito is â€Å"studiare†.The participio passato is â€Å"studiato†.The gerund form is â€Å"studiando†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo studiato†. INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io studio noi studiamo tu studi voi studiate lui, lei, Lei studia essi, Loro studiano Ad esempio: Studio l’italiano ogni giorno. - I study Italian every day. Il passato prossimo io ho studiato noi abbiamo studiato tu hai studiato voi avete studiato lui, lei, Lei, ha studiato essi, Loro hanno studiato Ad esempio: Ieri sera ha studiato sei ore! Scommetto che superer l’esame. - He told me that he studied for six hours last night! I bet he’ll pass the exam. L’imperfetto io studiavo noi studiavamo tu studiavi voi studiavate lui, lei, Lei studiava essi, Loro studiavano Ad esempio: Era una ragazza intelligente, ma studiava poco, quindi non fu accettata all’universit. - She was a smart girl, but she studied very little, so she was not accepted to university. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo studiato noi avevamo studiato tu avevi studiato voi avevate studiato lui, lei, Lei aveva studiato essi, Loro avevano studiato Ad esempio: Non hanno passato l’esame perchà © non avevano studiato. - They failed the exam because they had not studied. Il passato remoto io studiai noi studiammo tu studiasti voi studiaste lui, lei, Lei studi essi, Loro studiarono Ad esempio: Gli studenti studiarono la poesia di Dante! - The students studied Dante’s poetry. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi studiato noi avemmo studiato tu avesti studiato voi aveste studiato lui, lei, Lei ebbe studiato essi, Loro ebbero studiato TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io studier noi studieremo tu studierai voi studierete lui, lei, Lei studier essi, Loro studieranno Ad esempio: Studieremo domani. Ora andiamo a prendere un bel gelato! - We’ll study tomorrow. Now let’s go get ice cream! Il futuro anteriore io avr studiato noi avremo studiato tu avrai studiato voi avrete studiato lui, lei, Lei avr studiato essi, Loro avranno studiato Ad esempio: Avr studiato russo almeno tre ore al giorno per essere cosà ¬ fluente. - He must have studied Russian three hours every day to be so fluent. CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente che io studi che noi studiamo che tu studi che voi studiate che lui, lei, Lei studi che essi, Loro studino Ad esempio: Peccato che lui non studi mai per gli esami di biologia. - It’s a shame that he never studies for the biology exams. Il passato io abbia studiato noi abbiamo studiato tu abbia studiato voi abbiate studiato lui, lei, egli abbia studiato essi, Loro abbiano studiato Ad esempio: Scommetto che (lei) abbia studiato quel pezzo di musica per mesi! - I bet she studied that piece of music for months! L’imperfetto io studiassi noi studiassimo tu studiassi voi studiaste lui, lei, egli studiasse essi, Loro studiassero Ad esempio: Voleva che tu studiassi chimica? Non ne sei affatto interessato! - He wanted you to study chemistry? You’re not interested in that at all! Il trapassato prossimo io avessi studiato noi avessimo studiato tu avessi studiato voi aveste studiato lui, lei, Lei avesse studiato essi, Loro avessero studiato Ad esempio: Pensavo avessi studiato   giurisprudenza, ma mi sbagliavo. - I thought you studied law, but I was wrong. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL Il presente io studierei noi studieremmo tu studieresti voi studiereste lui, lei, Lei studierebbe essi, Loro studierebbero Ad esempio: Se io fossi un miliardario, studierei le lingue straniere ogni giorno. - If I were a millionaire, I would study foreign languages every day. Il passato io avrei studiato noi avremmo studiato tu avresti studiato voi avreste studiato lui, lei, egli avrebbe studiato essi, Loro avrebbero studiato Ad esempio: Ho sempre pensato che avrebbe studiato letteratura, ma invece ha scelto matematica, strano, no? - I always thought he would study literature, but instead he chose math, weird, right?

Human Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Sexuality - Essay Example Empathy must be the way forward in such a case whereby one puts him or herself in the other’s (homosexual individual’s) shoe for a moment and start thinking of the problems and difficulties he or she would have to face in the same scenario. This would solve many a problem, as it would generate much more understanding and a sense of attachment with the gays and lesbians of the society. On an individual level, a gay or for that matter a lesbian must understand the commitment he has with the society and he also should know as to how his actions could affect it, both from a positive as well as from a negative point of view. He must avoid the trouble of inviting pressure from the hard liners if he possibly can but if the homosexual feels that it is his right to do whatsoever he wishes then he must do it, in the best manner possible, not only to benefit his own self but also provide comfort and consolation for the other homosexual who agrees to marry the former one. However, one should keep a close and vigilant eye on the pressures he would have to face at the hand of the society and the pressure groups when he decides to carry out the same. Just the mere fact that in the present times, homosexuals have started to be seen as quite normal individuals within the society is ground enough for one and all to understand that the solution provided for their betterment as well as the society would be easily taken up by one and all and they would not discard it on the pretext that it does not take into view a particular section’s feelings and emotions into mind.

Exploring for Oil and Natural Gas Research Paper

Exploring for Oil and Natural Gas - Research Paper Example The company's seismic services can be an asset to the firms that receive the services of the firm. As drilling oil is a high risk and pay off proposition. This requires expertise in finding the oil and thus can reduce the problems regarding unnecessary extra spending on drilling and exploration. The company is expert in analyzing the oil, gas and water. This gives good idea about drilling. The information and analysis of the data of a particular place will decide the company to drill or not for fuel. The services of the company will be good for the oil firms that use the seismic services and the analysis of the oil and gas. The company's analysis include the combining of geologic information and flow simulation techniques with advanced computing. This will increase oil recovery in mature oil fields. The three resources; mature or partially depleted reservoirs, geologically complex formations and ultra deep water reservioirs are the sources of the oil at present. The engineers of C2C can identify the location and distribution of the un swept or bypassed oil and untapped compartments. High resolution fluid flow modeling and seismic imaging techniques will be used by the company for data assimilation and can determine the place of drill and finding out unswept oil. (Gene Charleton et al, 2007)1 WBS: work of Alexir can mainly divide into three parts; Explaining... May 21st: Arrival of the Chevron team May 22nd: Meeting external affairs director Alexir and his staff to discuss the visit and the agenda of the vist. May 22nd after lunch: Preparation of the list of the customers to visit and the reasons to visit them. The schedule to meet the experts in the company to know about the service they offer. May23rd before lunch: Meeting the customer service staff and asking about the customer care methods they are following and extra care they offer if the chevron outsource work for C2C. May 23rd after lunch: Meeting the administrative staff working under Lee. The administration of the company is crucial for any customer who offers work on a large scale. The administration will stream line the whole processes and is responsible for the timely delivery of the assignments. May24th before lunch: meeting the accounting staff to know about the accounting standards of the company. As from 2005 many global companies are adopting international standards of accounting for more transparency, the meeting with the accounting department is also needed. May 24th after lunch: Meeting the staff in the department of integrated PVT Field studies. May 25th to end of the visit: meeting any three customers of the company and deciding about the work that can be entitled to the company. 3. Current Situation of Chevron and C2C can Offer Chevron is a global enterprise that offers competitive products across all energy sectors. The company brings together the values, talent and commitment in developing energy sources world wide. The C2C can help the company in exploring new sources of oil and gas with relatively less expenditure than in the past due to the exact analysis and detection of the fuel sources underground. As the Chevron

Individual Project Budget Essay Example for Free

Individual Project Budget Essay This week we are looking forward to successful two day training with your staff. The objective is to successfully convert the United States Army Medical Department from EMR to AHLTA. There are trainers that are set in place to ensure that the staff receives their full attention and that they also feel comfortable with the software. The outcome of this would be to have the ability to easily communicate electronically regarding patients and is up to date with today’s advanced technology which will allow the compliance with government standards as well as high reimbursement for every office. While being trained the staff should feel very comfortable when working with the software and to ensure that this happens a questionnaire is given for feedback. In order to get prepared for the training class, there is an updated list of things that are on the schedule that are to be reviewed with the staff. I there are any changes that come about they should be made as soon as possible. In order to make sure that the meeting will offer a successful transition, communication is very important for all offices so stakeholders are alert and ready for the upcoming dealings. In order to get everything settled their will be daily meeting that will be set up via the web and at a landline location for those that are able to attend. Schedules for each provider and their staff should eventually be shortened to accommodate training and mandatory attendance should be enforced. A checklist will be provided for each office with the necessary materials needed for the conversion and information regarding government policies. Tentative Schedule * Employees will arrive in Atlanta (Hartsfield Inter. Airport) @ approximately 8:00am * Shuttle will bring all employees to Hyatt (we have a contract with this hotel) * Employees will be served continental breakfast before the training @ 9:00am on both days * Translators are available for those that request it * Conference rooms are on the first floor Training on both days will end at approximately 4:30pm * Lunch will be serviced, Dinner is not in the budget room service and taxi service are available @ employees expense * Trainers will watch every user to make sure that they fill comfortable and a short quiz will be given on the second day to ensure this course is understood and if not then further training can be offered * Shuttle buses will be available the morning after the last training class to transport employees to Atlanta (Hartsfield Inter.  Airport). There are different times being offered, please make sure that each employee is aware of the departure times so they arrive one or two hours before their plane is set to leave The company’s plans are that each employee has a successful training class as well as a comfortable and relaxing environment. Once the two day training ends a questionnaire/survey will be mailed out for feedback. These forms are completely anonyms if you chose to take it. Thank you in advance for your corporation in this matter. For your review a preliminary budget for the 2 day training classes is provided. The budget and the schedule are subject to change. They are in the excel format using the Grantt chart.

Free Essays - I am a Poor Liar :: Personal Narrative Essays

I am a Poor Liar    Whenever I lie I get this churning in the pit of my stomach that can only be quieted with truth. My bones begin to ache as though they've been bruised. I don't know if this is innate or has been taught to me, but I feel it acutely when I call on falsehood to temporarily save me. Perhaps that is why I am so annoyed with hypocrisy. Learn to identify hypocrisy, and learn to watch your promises. Mean what you say and act on what you believe in and, above all, take responsibilities for your actions. Nobody's going to pick up your slack.    Most hypocrisies stem from pettiness. They are drawn out of things that people don't truly believe in, but fight for out of pride. If you're going to stand for something, stand for something worthy of your sweat. My mother told me never to buy a dog I couldn't pick up. Barely profound? Not so. My mother was never petty. She never attached herself to anything she couldn't take with her if she was uprooted. She could grow where she was planted. When you weigh yourself down with the trivial weariness follows you where ever you go. And Time doesn't tread softly on the laden heart.    Ideals are like stars; you will not succeed in touching them with your hands, but like the seafaring man on the desert of waters, you choose them as your guides, and following them, you reach your destiny. - Carl Schurz But as wrong as I make hypocrites out to be, don't worry too much about being one. We all have ideals and morals, but we are guided by them, not bound by them. Yes, I believe that lying undermines the human quest of truth and is a deplorable act, but I have lied. We all end up as hypocrites. 'Tis fate. The idea is to try to embody your principles. Trying separates the decent people from all that is crude and vulgar.

Weather Investigation

Aim: To record the temperature around School to try to discover if there is a microclimate. Hypothesis: There is a microclimate around the school. The temperature will change. Geographical Theory What is a microclimate? The climate of a small, specific place within a larger area. An area as small as a yard or park can have several different microclimates depending on how much sunlight, shade, or exposure to the wind there is at a particular spot. Compare macroclimate. Plan: In my experiment I am going to measure * Wind speed * Wind direction * Temperature- caretakers room, the English room, Italian room, tree by tennis courts * Air pressure * Rain fall * Cloud cover Method 1) Firstly, we went to the Geography room where we took a look at the Barometer. We read the black needle and then turned the gold needle to the black needle so that tomorrow we would be able to read the air pressure for today. 2) Then we went outside to the rain gauge near the pond. We lifted it up and read how many millimetres of water were inside it. We then emptied it so that tomorrow we cold read from fresh. 3) Next, we went to the tennis courts and measured the wind speed and wind direction using an anemometer and our finger. To use the anemometer you need to hold the digital reader in your hand and lift the other part until you get the highest reading. We licked our finger to find the wing direction and also used a compass then where our finger felt the coldest was where the wing was coming from. 4) We the measured the cloud cover by using observation and counted the number of clods comparing it in eighths. 5) Finally, we measured the temperature around the school reading the results from four different thermometers situated in four different places around the school. These are: the Italian room, the English room, the tennis courts and outside the caretakers room. We measured the current temperature from a normal thermometer and the lowest and highest temperature of the day from a max. min. thermometer. Analysis On Wednesday there was the least amount of air pressure but the most amount of rainfall. It also had the slowest wind speed but the highest number of oktas. Also,on Friday there was the most amounts of air pressure and the lowest number of oktas for the cloud cover. Description of results: On Monday the air pressure amount was between the highest and lowest amount, 998 mb. It had a lot of rainfall of 10 mm and the highest fastest wind speed of 6.4 ms going into the direction of east and 7 oktas for cloud cover. On Tuesday it had the second smallest amount of air pressure of 989 mb and the median amount of rainfall which is 5.5 mm. The wind speed was one of the slowest as it was only 5.1 ms heading east. There were 6 oktas for cloud cover. On Wednesday there was the least amount of air pressure with 981 mb and the most rainfall which is 11.5 mm. It had the slowest of wind speed of 0.75 ms heading south – east and the most cloud cover of 7 oktas. On Thursday it was a median amount of air pressure, 998 mb and the second smallest amount of rainfall with 5 mm but on that day the rain gauge tipped over so 5 mm was not the correct result. There was a wind speed of 5.9 heading south and the cloud cover was of 6 oktas. Lastly on Friday there was the highest amount of air pressure, 1012 mb and the lowest amount of rainfall which was 1.8mm. The wind speed consisted of 6 heading north the cloud cover being 5 oktas as the lowest. Conclusion I have concluded that there is a microclimate in different places around St Michael's Grammar School. But on certain days it was more obvious then others. This is because all the temperatures are varied because of small changes such as facing south- which is where the sun is, or if there is a building in the way which can block sunlight, or if the weather is cloudy, which blocks the sun from getting to a certain area, which changes the temperature in the different areas. Evaluation This investigation was quite accurate but there are a few ways I would make this better. First of all I would make sure that the rain gauge is straight and steady so that it collects the right amount of rain that should be collected so that the rainfall results will be completely 100% accurate. Next I would make sure that the wind speed results are correct as well by using the anemometer properly and waiting longer for the highest amount of wind speed so that we can get a larger result. Another thing is to reset the temperature everyday at the exact minute from the past 24 hours so that the temperature will be accurate for every day. Overall the investigation had reasonably accurate results and there are ways to improve it but it in the end it was a great weather investigation.

How to Create a Marketing Plan Essay

When was the last time you dusted off that marketing plan you created for your business? Wait, you do have a marketing plan, right? Well, if your marketing plan somehow found its way to the recycle bin or if you have actually never planned out a marketing strategy for your business then BusinessMarketingBlog is going to help you. Before we jump into the 6 Simple Steps to Developing A Marketing Plan, it is important that you understand the following elements of every successful marketing plan: 1) Spend the time and resources to plot out your marketing strategy and budget 2) Implement your marketing plan 3) Analyze and adjust your marketing plan as needed 4) Refine your marketing plan for the upcoming year, quarter, month, etc. 6 Steps to an Effective Marketing Plan Step 1: Define the Purpose of Your Marketing Efforts Before you can create a successful marketing plan you must have a strong understanding of what the purpose of your marketing plan is. QUESTION: What do I want people to do after they have been exposed to my marketing? Your answer should be something very specific, not something vague like â€Å"I want my marketing to help my business grow.† Here are some common purposes that business owners use to drive their marketing efforts: * Get someone to pick up the phone and call me * Entice someone to email me * Get people to tell others about my marketing / business HINT: The more thought and planning you put into this first step, the higher your conversion rates will be throughout your marketing efforts. Step 2: Determine Your Competitive Advantage and Emphasize It Now that you have pinned down a couple of the purposes for your marketing plan it is time to think about and plan out how you are going to get people to complete these actions. QUESTION: Why will people take the specified actions you have identified? You must determine what your competitive advantage is over your competitors. Sure, you probably have a lot of great benefits and value adds,  but you need determine your one strongest and most specific competitive advantage. HINT: Stress your competitive advantage as a solution to a problem (if possible). Step 3: Determine Your Target Audience Your marketing plan cannot be effective unless you know the specific demographics of the customers you are trying to reach. Again, try to be as specific as possible as the most effective marketing plans are centered around targeted, accurate broadcasting and not so much reaching the highest number of people possible. A thousand random prospects will usually not earn you as much profit as 10 of the right prospects. QUESTION: Which group of people will be most accepting and willing to receive my marketing message? You can save a ton of money by knowing who your target audience is and tailoring your marketing to that group of people. HINT: Identify ALL of your target groups, BUT market to each group with tailored, targeted messages. Step 4: Determine Your Marketing Methods There are so many ways to market a business these days; however, only a few marketing methods and mediums are raising to the top as being the most cost effective and penetrating. Get out of your old, set ways of how marketing needs to be and expand your efforts into some of today’s most effective means of reaching prospects. Ask yourself this question: QUESTION: Which marketing strategies will allow me to reach my prospects where they are without annoying or interrupting them and will I be able to directly track the results of these efforts? Online marketing is one of, if not, the most cost effective ways to market a business these days. We recommend a comprehensive marketing campaign that includes all of the following online marketing methods: * Business Website and/or Blog * Paid Search Marketing * Search Engine Optimization * Social Media Marketing * Email Marketing * Video Marketing HINT: Hire a professional to implement and maintain these online marketing services for you. You will save a ton of money in the long run. Step 5:  Determine Your Niche Now that you have pin-pointed your purpose, benefits and target market, you need to define your niche. Ask yourself this question: QUESTION: When people hear your product / business / company name, what’s the first thing that crosses their minds? Is it price, speed, exclusivity, service, value or something else? Your answer to this is your niche, also known as positioning, and it is what your prospects see and expect from you. The more defined and specialized your business becomes, the more likely it is to succeed in the long run so put some thought into this one. HINT: Once you define your niche, specialize in it as much as possible and communicate this niche throughout all of your marketing Step 6: Determine Your Marketing Budget Last, but most definitely not the least important, is to define what your marketing budget is for your business. Your marketing budget is something that should be evaluated at least 4 times a year, if not more. You should stick to your planned budget as much as possible. Too often do we see businesses get nervous in tough economies and decide to cut expenses with marketing being one of the first to see cuts. QUESTION: Do you really think that cutting your marketing budget or holding off on aggressive marketing is going to position your business appropriately in any economy? Marketing is not something you should ever cut corners on, especially in down economies when opportunities are ripe for cheaper market penetration. We recommend preparing to spend at least 10% of your gross sales on marketing your business. HINT: Calculate your marketing budget using your projected gross sales; this will help you operate in a growth mode. If you work off of your current sales then you will be plan ning a marketing strategy to just tread water. Putting It All Together These 6 steps are more than enough to get you started on developing a real marketing plan for your business. There are many more elements to a full scale marketing plan that deserves time, research and planning; however, once this work is done and you are able to see, follow, analyze and refine your marketing plan we can almost guarantee that your business will be taken to new levels of success that you have not experienced yet. Good luck and  please let us know if you need assistance or have specific questions about any or all of the steps outlined above.

Dissertation Plagiarism 5 Ways NOT to Break the Law

Dissertation Plagiarism 5 Ways NOT to Break the Law Dissertation Plagiarism: 5 Ways NOT to Break the Law Dissertation custom writing companies are becoming more and more popular among college students. Although they gain traction, talks about the â€Å"contract cheating† make students set sights on the legality of the writing companies. Asking such services for assistance is not all that shameful and illegal if you properly make use of them. Thus, let’s puzzle out this question. 1. Do NOT Cheat When you get a custom-written dissertation that meets all your professor’s demands, it is quite difficult to resist the temptation and not to hand in the work as your own. In this case, you have to keep in mind that the Copyright Law of the United States strictly punishes for dissertation plagiarism. And, the consequences are not the thing you would like to face being an A-student for the last couple of years. How should you act, though? Use this paper as a sample that will help you craft a masterpiece on your own. 2. Follow the Key Requirements The most beneficial way a sample dissertation can come in handy is to let you know how to meet the formatting demands. Having a properly-crafted piece in front of you, you do not need to overlook tens or even hundreds of guides to come up with the right structure of your writing. A practical example will substitute the best consultant as well as save you a lot of time. 3. Get Inspired by Ideas Sure, when you get a topic for a dissertation paper, you may have some ideas concerning the issue; do not forget to note them down! Thus, when you receive a sample paper written by a professional that discloses top issues, it would be a great bonus if you insert your own ideas into the piece. This will not only help you make the work more developed but also get outside of the problem on your own. Your professor will surely check out your attempts. 4. Paraphrase the Ideas It goes without saying that it may happen that you have no idea what can be said more concerning the issue of your dissertation, and the only source of information for your paper is the received sample. In order not to resort to any kind of plagiarism, you have to do your best and reproduce your own thoughts based on the points got from the example writing. Read the whole example paper, understand the key points, and then, retell the plot in your own words paraphrase it. As the result, you are more likely to provide a well-researched dissertation that is absolutely unique. 5. Develop the Issues to the Fullest Even if you do not have any ideas concerning the discussed problem, do your best to better discover the questions presented in the example work. When researching, you will put new information in the paper thinking through the central issue. Have a look at all the covered problems, choose those that impress you the most, and work on them. You will definitely find some useful sources on the list of references, so, make use of them and get deeper into some questions you think are important for your research. If you have ever asked yourself whether dealing with dissertation writing services is legal, hope, now you know the answer. In order NOT to be considered a cheater, remember the only thing the ordered paper, be it a dissertation or an essay sample, is just an example that should be your guide to produce a professional assignment written from scratch. Do not try to outsmart your professors as the truth will always be out of the bag somehow. Dont hesitate to buy your dissertation online written by professionals.

Letters of Recommendation at Online Universities

Letters of Recommendation at Online Universities Recently a reader asked: My bachelors degree is from an online university. How do I get a letter of recommendation? As a student in an online undergraduate institution, it is likely that you will never meet any of your professors face-to-face. Does that mean that you cant get a letter of recommendation from them? Think of it this way, does your professor have to know what you look like in order to determine whether you are graduate school material? No. All you need are experiences with the faculty member (in class or through advising) that illustrate your competence. That said, it is unquestionably more difficult to get these experiences without face-to-face contact in a traditional college setting. Who to Ask?How do you determine who to ask? Remember that faculty need to know enough about you to write a helpful letter stating that you will do well in grad school. Which faculty have you had the most contact with? Consider what classes youve taken. Have you had a professor more than once? An advisor who you have discussed your coursework with over several semesters? A thesis committee? Did you obtain a high grade for a lengthy and detailed paper? That professor, even if youve only taken one class with him or her, might be a good reference. Look over all of the work that you have submitted. Consider the papers with which you are particularly proud. What feedback did faculty provide? Considering the feedback, do you think this professor might write on your behalf? What If You Cant Find Three Faculty?Three recommendation letters can be hard to come by. You might find, for example, that one faculty member knows you really well, another knows you somewhat, and a third not as well. Graduate schools are familiar with the challenges of online learning but they still expect letters of recommendation that indicate that faculty know who you are, positively evaluate your work, and believe that you are a good candidate for graduate study. Many students who attend online institutions for their undergraduate work find that they can easily obtain a couple of letters but find it hard to identify a third faculty member. In this case consider non-faculty as letter writers. Have you done any work - paid or unpaid - in an area related to your desired field of study? The most helpful letter s are written by knowledgeable professionals in your field who supervise your work. At minimum, identify a supervisor who can write about your work ethic and motivation. Soliciting letters of recommendation is never easy. Never having met your professors in person makes soliciting letters much harder. Online institutions are more popular than ever and continue to grow in numbers. Graduate admissions committees are gaining experience with applicants from online institutions. They are becoming familiar with the challenges that such students face and increasingly understand the difficulties students experience in obtaining letters of recommendation. Dont fret. Youre not the online one in this predicament. Seek a range of letters that illustrate your competence. Ideally all should be written by faculty, but recognize that it may not be possible. Prepare for the possibility by cultivating relationships with professionals whenever you can. As with all aspects of applying to graduate school, begin early.

Post Confederation Canadian History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Post Confederation Canadian History - Essay Example As a ruling myth, nationalism was used to eclipse other social divisions, especially class, by positing an overarching national identity that promoted relations of domination and discouraged an effective, united challenge to the system through scapegoating 'others.' In the nationalist discourse of the social reform movement, concepts of race and nation were fused and simultaneously based on the principles of exclusion and inclusion. Consequently, as Robert Miles argues for the similar British case, 'racism' formed 'the lining of the cloak of nationalism.' Gender ideals -- women's 'respectable' role as domestic manager, reproducer, and nurturer -- also interacted with concepts of nation, race, and class in the reform project as women's proper role in the domestic sphere was considered essential to 'Canadianizing' the working class. State intervention in the housing sphere in the interwar period was limited when compared with initiatives in the post-Second World War era; fewer than 7000 houses were built under government auspices in the period. But the discourse of housing betterment, along with its counterparts in other areas of social policy and the practical measures implemented at the local level, assisted in strengthening the popular fiction of 'Canadian' supremacy and spreading the bigoted message that 'outsiders' (however loosely defined) were to blame for the country's problems. This attitude dovetailed neatly with the divide-and-rule strategy pursued by government officials increasingly concerned with the intense class struggles of the period. Social planning experiments were circumscribed but nevertheless emblematic of significant developments in the history of the Canadian state and reform ideas. Central to this process was the contribution of housing reformers to the question of what constituted the Canadian nation and, more crucially, a 'proper' Canadian. Reform-minded state officials sought popular legitimacy by reinforcing pre-existing notions of the dangerous 'other' -- non-British, non-white 'races' and 'nations' and, increasingly, urban native-born and British immigrant workers -- in stark opposition to the ideal of the cherished and respectable 'white British Canadian.' Simultaneously, the reform tendencies of the period sustained and deepened the conviction that women's role was solely in the home as nurturer and Canadianizer of the 'race.' Through reform propaganda and practical implementation of various housing reform measures, it proved useful for reformers to attribute social and economic afflictions to the so-called inferiority and 'un-Canadianness' of various social groups --immigrants, women, and workers -- rather than to structural flaws in the capitalist sys tem itself. 'Reform' in the First World War period can be defined as an approach advocating state intervention in the economy and society to alleviate the social problems of capitalism and thereby preserve the system itself. The role housing reform could play, as part of the larger project of securing social consent by stabilizing family structures and contributing to the construction of a distinct national identity, constituted a pivotal concern in the discourse of the reform effort. Yet without losing sight of this distinct regulatory thrust from above, it is also necessary to chart

Erin Brockovich Movie (2000) Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Erin Brockovich (2000) - Movie Review Example Hence, the movie depicts a character-based true event of American history involving one of â€Å"the largest direct-action legal settlement† that ever happened in America. Although Albert Finney, who is acting Erin’s irritable boss, is also an interesting character; still, Erin’s trashy and plain mannerism holds the viewer’s attention through the length of the movie. â€Å"The story of Erin Brockovich is an inspirational reminder of the power of the human spirit†, says Henderson. The movie is a sweet story of her struggle and passion which led her to become a successful woman who ended her helping herself through helping others. Erin portrays the labor class of America who is fighting to make their both ends meet and desperate for justice and employment. People of this class face punishments and all decisions from the law even when there is no fault of theirs. Thus, Erin’s is the story that starts with a depiction of the plight of the working class. Also, the two sides of Erin Brockovich are correctly shown in the film which includes â€Å"the tender loveliness of a mother to match her first name, and the assaulting harshness of a fullback to match her last name†. However, she has been shown as being foul-mouthed which the labor class is usually stereotyped as. For example, when Erin gets into an argument with a colleague and the latter says that they got off on the wrong foot, Erin replies that all she (the colleague) has been two wrong feet. The movie proves to some extent that it is always the labor class of people that have to suffer.

Business Ethics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Ethics - Article Example Provisions of the financial services reform law are being passed now as they are being worked out to fill parts of the law. The banks which provide the credit cards have been using the fees to supply a lucrative revenue source. Congressional leaders such as Rep. Barney Frank have been pressured by bank lobbyists to propose a delay to delay and revise the amendment. JPMorgan Chase Bank has said that if the bill, called the Durbin Amendment, would pass, it would have to cut such consumer benefits as the Disney Dream Reward Dollars. The amendment would now be revised or completely cut out the bill. 2. Who supports the extra fees? It's the banks who are currently not in good public favor. The reason they have the fees is in order to generate more income. Some reports have been written that if the fees were cut out or reduced the banks would then place fees on debit cards. In fact there is a big publication campaign expressing this very fact that debit card fees are about to be raised. Wh o is behind this campaign? Is it the banks? Why do the merchants not want this fee? For one thing it is a hidden charge. It is not on the sales receipt. Another thing is that it affects discounts the merchants would like to promote. Can one get clear information from the banks on this "transaction" fee? Not hardly. 3. What is the moral issue involved? The issue is that is it ethical for a bank to hide fees? It is clearly not.

Use Of Hydraulic Kers Commercially Engineering Essay

Use Of Hydraulic Kers Commercially Engineering Essay The potential of using a KERS on a bicycle to store hydraulic energy can be achieved using a device such as a hydraulic accumulator. In a hydraulic accumulator the potential energy is stored in the form of a compressed gas or spring, which is used to exert a force against a relatively incompressible fluid. Accumulators store energy when the hydraulic system pressure is greater than the accumulator pressure and releases hydraulic energy in the opposite case. By storing and providing hydraulic energy, accumulators can be used as a primary power source for a KERS. Accumulators are naturally dynamic devices; meaning they function when configuration changes, for example, valves opening and closing. Accumulators respond rapidly to configuration changes, and nearly instantaneously for gas accumulators. They are usually used in conjunction with a pump/motor in a hydraulic circuit. A hydraulic system utilizing an accumulator can use a smaller fluid pump since the accumulator stores energy from the pump during low demand periods. The pump doesnt need to be so large to cope with extremes of demand, therefore the supply circuit can respond more quickly to any temporary demand and to smooth pulsations. There are four types of accumulator: bladder, diaphragm bladder, piston (spring or gas controlled), and metal bellows. Depending on the application, the choice of most suited is based on the required speed of accumulator response, weight, reliability and cost. Compressed gas accumulators are the most commonly used type since they generally have the faster dynamic response and are most reliable. Accumulators with seals will generally have the lowest reliability as there is the potential for leaks. Pressurised gas accumulators take advantage of the fact, that the gas is compressible. The potential to store energy and the affect of the accumulator is dictated by its overall volume and pre-charge of the gas. The pre-charge is the pressure of the gas in the accumulator when there is no hydraulic fluid within the accumulator. Too high of a pre-charge pressure, reduces the fluid volume capacity, and limits the maximum amount of hydraulic energy that will be available to the system. A gas accumulator has a gas pre-charge, which is less than the nominal hydraulic system pressure. When hydraulic fluid enters the accumulator, the gas is compressed to the nominal system pressure, which is in an equilibrium position and corresponds to the maximum amount of energy that can be stored. As system hydraulic pressure drops, the gas will expand forcing hydraulic fluid back into the system. Most gas accumulators are bladder type, made up of a vessel divided into two volumes, by a flexible membrane. Within the bladder, nitrogen is stored under high pressure, which is an efficient and safe medium since the ability of gas to store energy increases exponentially as pressure rises and because of its inert properties. As fluid from the hydraulic circuit, enters the vessel (under system pressure) and impinges against the bladder, the gas is compressed allowing energy to be stored. The release of energy when required is achieved via conventional valve arrangement. Figure Bladder Accumulator [10] and [4] Use of hydraulic KERS commercially There are, a number of emerging systems that allow the operators of vehicles to reduce both fuel consumption and unwanted emissions, specifically to vehicles that are subject to constant stop-start operations, like for example buses, refuse collection vehicles (RCV). Constant stop-start operations, such as braking in large vehicles, produce considerable kinetic energy, which is wasted as heat. Capturing this energy using conventional hydraulic technology enables it to be stored and then returned to the vehicle systems. The potential uses are not just limited to aid subsequent acceleration (reducing the energy required from the engine), but can potentially power ancillary equipment. For example, RCVs can use stored energy to drive the hydraulic refuse compacting and packing mechanisms. This enables a significant reduction of engine speeds and operating noise [10]. Hydraulic Power Train Technology Hybrid hydraulic power-train technology normally incorporates a hydraulic system operating parallel to the IC engine to share the task of powering the vehicle. Although other arrangements are possible (in series), the simplest is where the conventional vehicle transmission and driveline components are replaced by a hydro-mechanical transmission, a system that works similarly to a hydrostatic CVT. In which the output shaft from the vehicles engine is used to drive a hydraulic pump that in turn supplies pressure to hydrostatic motors; these are then connected via a gearing mechanism to the vehicle power-train to drive the wheels [10]. These motors then, under braking, act as pumps to charge accumulators, where energy is stored before being released back to the power-train, transmitting torque to the driveshaft and propelling the vehicle. Fig depicts the capturing and releasing of energy in a hydraulic circuit. Engine Trans Pump/ Motor Low Pressure Accumulator High Pressure Accumulator Drive Shaft Capturing Releasing Figure Hydraulic Power-train Examples of Commercial Hydraulic KERS There are two commercial products of hydraulic hybrid KERS on todays market and both are implemented on delivery vehicles and refuse truck applications. These are Parker Energy Recovery System [6], and Eaton Hydraulic Launch Assistà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ (HLA ®) [7 ].Prototype testing proposes typically regenerative braking capability captures about 70% of the KE produced during braking, minimizing the load on the engine, and helping to reduce fuel consumption [9]. The hydrostatic motors, when acting as pumps during vehicle braking, also help to slow the vehicle down by inducing drag on the rotating drive-train; a feature that helps to reduce brake wear [9] by more than 50% [8]. Generally these systems operate at a maximum pressure of 5,000 PSI [9]. The hybrid technologies are controlled by specialized systems that are activated upon braking. The controls prevent service brake application until just before a complete stop. They also monitor if the energy stored in the accumulator falls below a predetermined level, upon which the vehicle engine can be used to provide supplementary power. However, on vehicles with frequent stop-start cycles, this is seldom required as even gentle braking is sufficient to maintain the stored energy at high levels. http://www.eaton.com/ecm/groups/public/@pub/@eaton/@hybrid/documents/content/ct_132084.jpg Figure Hybrid Hydraulic KERS implemented on large Vehicles [7] The HLA ® has two modes of operation, Economy Mode and Performance Mode. When the operating in Economy Mode, the energy stored in the accumulator during braking is used alone to initially accelerate the vehicle. Once the accumulator has emptied, the engine will begin to perform the acceleration. This process results in increased fuel economy of 30% and provides increased acceleration of 2% [7 ]. Economy mode allows for maximum fuel savings maximum exhaust emission reductions of 20% to 30% [7]. In Performance Mode, acceleration is created by both the energy stored in the accumulator and the engine. Once the accumulator has emptied, the engine is completely responsible for acceleration.  While a 17% increase in fuel economy is possible, the greatest benefit is an increased acceleration of 26% [7]. The benefits of hybrid solution are numerous; reduced emissions, increased brake life, and better fuel economy. The technology also allows the possibility to reduce the size of the vehicle engine as this can be sized for peak speeds, rather than for low-end torque. Application of Hydraulic KERS to a Bicycle A team of engineering students from the University of Michigan [1] undertook a project to use a hydro-pneumatic regenerative braking system on a bicycle. It was a redevelopment of a heavier previous attempt to make a working prototype to fit within a 29 front wheel (fig). They use a 0.5 litre accumulator and believed this to be sufficient in storing the required energy at a maximum working system pressure of 5000psi. Its weighed an impractical 13kg almost as much as a bike and is its major drawback, its weight can be accounted for by its separate high and low accumulators, separate hydraulic pump and motor and its relatively large mounting bracket (fig). Figure Prototype Hydry-pneumatic KERS from the University of Michigan [1] Calculations They failed to test and thus supply conclusive results for the performance characteristics of their prototype, but instead prescribed its key performance parameters via theoretical calculations. In the same way and based on the same calculations the following section outlines the performance of a hydro-pneumatic KERS. Storage Capacity Firstly for a hydraulic system to be implemented the storage of fluid must be addressed, the capacity must be determined and pressures needed to store the kinetic energy. The combined mass of cyclist and bicycle (90kg) braking from 32km/h (20mph) has 2880kJ of kinetic energy. Parker [5] (manufacture of accumulator and motors) rates the ACP series accumulators at max pressure 5000psi, if assuming ideal gas law: () So () Parker rates the ACP Series Accumulators 2 bore with capacities of 0.32l, 0.5l, 0.75l. If the accumulator has a pre-charge of P1 = 3200psi and max pressure is P2=5000psi; then rearranging gives: () Taking the capacity as: V1=0.5l gives V2= 0.32l. Energy stored is: () Thus 0.5l capacity accumulator pre-charged to 3200psi provides more than 5kJ. Hydraulic Motor/Pump Performance Fig presents torque-rpm curve for the Parker 09 series hydraulic motor. It will be used to determine braking and launching performance of the hydraulic motor/pump. Figure Torque-Rpm Curves for Parker 09 Series Hydraulic Motor [1] Braking A hydraulic KERS must use a hydraulic motor to provide enough torque to run the bicycle as well as providing enough resistive torque to be an effective brake. If the bicycle travelling at 32km/h (20mph) on 0.66m (26inch) diameter wheels, which spins the motor at 4632rpm through the 18:1 gear ratio of the pump gear train, then this corresponds to 4.52Nm of torque at 3000psi (fig ). This translates to a braking torque of about 81.36Nm applied to the main gear due to the 18:1 gear ratio. Launching On release of pressure, a fully charged 5000psi accumulator generates 7.57Nm of torques (fig). The 14:1 gear ratio of the motor gear train applies a 105 Nm torque to the main bicycle cluster gear. 7.57Nm corresponds to around 800rpm from motors torque rpm curve (fig), which turns the main gear at around 57rpm due to the 14:1 gear ratio. This is an initial speed of 8km/h (5mph) which will increase as pressure is expended. Advantages In many applications, especially those where high power densities are required, hydro-pneumatic systems offer a more efficient alternative to system driven by electric motors. The technology can be used to capture and transfer high levels of energy extremely quickly compared with similarly sized electric systems, which generally require long periods over which batteries have to be charged. They are also likely to have a longer operating life than battery-powered systems. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of a hydro-pneumatic KERS would be its weight, which is attributed to by weight of hydraulic fluid, accumulator material (steel), and the fact that in application it would be necessary to have separate high and low pressure accumulators. As well as potentially needing separate hydraulic pump and motor. In hydro-pneumatic systems when the gas is not charged by the hydraulic fluid and thus not storing energy, the fluid can be considered dead weight. If implemented on a bicycle to be used as a KERS, this would be counterproductive. Lastly hydro-pneumatic systems are limited where consistent levels of power are required for extended periods at near constant speeds, such as long-distance cruising. Conclusion The major consideration when using hydro-pneumatic accumulator for storing the energy whilst braking, is of course the loss of pressurized gas in a sealed accumulator. It is a failure critical to safety when it plays such an important role as braking. It is apparent the hydraulic accumulator needed for a KERS, does not have an excessively large capacity (pre-charged to 3200psi), in order to release enough energy to propel a bike to 32km/h (20mph). Furthermore, a hydraulic motor can produce 81.36Nm braking torque which makes it an effective brake. However based on the weight of the prototype (13kg) from the University of Michigan, it is impractical to use a hydro-pneumatic technology, as it stands currently, for a bicycle KERS.